Excimer

Question: How do excimer lasers work? I am doing a project on laser eye surgery and am struggling to understand the excimer lasers structure and detailed information on how it works

Answer: A good source of this sort of information is wikipedia .. perhaps you have never heard of it ? ... (link below).

Question: The laser used in cornea surgery to treat corneal disease is the excimer laser,which emits ultraviolet light,? with a wavelength of 193 nm in air . The index of refraction of the cornea is 1.376. What are the wavelength and frequency of the light in the cornea?

Answer: The frequency stays the same. It is c/wavelength (in vacuum). The nominal wavelength change factor in refraction is n0/n1, or in this problem, 1/1.376. Dispersion is an effect that changes the actual factor from the nominal factor depending on the nominal wavelength. This is a factor that does not have a simple formula; many dispersion formulas and parameters are given for different types of refractive media. Since the dispersion factor isn't given, the only possible answer is 193/1.376 nm. (The index of refraction of air is usually assumed equal to that of vacuum, 1.0.)

Question: Does excimer laser treatments really work well on Vitiligo?

Answer: Not for everybody:( Consult with a couple of laser clinics maybe they can suggest what is the best treatment for you! Good Luck!

Question: Anyone can tell me if the laser eye operation known as Excimer has any complications once is realized?

Answer: just make sure to take any eye laser surgery's in the U.S. because its most trusted. no offense to any other country's, but for real. for your own health I would take it in the U.S..

Question: How are excimer lasers produced ?

Answer: An excimer laser (sometimes, and more correctly, called an exciplex laser) is a form of ultraviolet chemical laser which is commonly used in eye surgery and semiconductor manufacturing. The term excimer is short for 'excited dimer', while exciplex is short for 'excited complex'. An excimer laser typically uses a combination of an inert gas (Argon, krypton, or xenon) and a reactive gas (fluorine or chlorine). Under the appropriate conditions of electrical stimulation, a pseudo-molecule called a dimer is created, which can only exist in an energised state and can give rise to laser light in the ultraviolet range.[1] The UV light from an excimer laser is well absorbed by biological matter and organic compounds. Rather than burning or cutting material, the excimer laser adds enough energy to disrupt the molecular bonds of the surface tissue, which effectively disintegrates into the air in a tightly controlled manner through ablation rather than burning. Thus excimer lasers have the useful property that they can remove exceptionally fine layers of surface material with almost no heating or change to the remainder of the material which is left intact.These properties make excimer lasers well suited to precision micromachining organic material (including certain polymers and plastics), or delicate surgeries such as eye surgery (LASIK).

Question: can a dye laser and a excimer laser be made into 1?

Answer: Sounds possible..

Question: What will hapen if i use silicone rubber as sealent in presence of chlorine? I want to use silicone rubber as sealent (to remove leak) in cavity of Excimer laser, where 5%HCl in gaseous form is present. Is there is any reaction of silicone rubber with cholrine and weather this is good or not.

Answer: once the silicone cures you are good for a fair amount of time

Question: Please help me on the following question? The laser used in cornea surgery to treat corneal disease is the excimer laser, which emits ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 193 nm in air. The index of refraction of the cornea is 1.376. What are the wavelength and frequency of the light in the cornea?

Answer: hi dude! i'll give u only the unworked answers wavelength of light i the cornea is 193/1.376 nm and the frequency would be 3*10^8*1.376/(193*10^-9) hz i hope i'm not too late!!

Question: Which one of the following laser types is used in a laser printer? Which one of the following laser types is used in a laser printer? (a) Dye laser (b) Gas Laser (c) Semiconductor laser (d) Excimer Laser.

Answer: Semiconductor laser. It's a very low-power laser.

Question: Can scar excision be done to a quarter sized scar on the scapula area on the back without making it worse? The scar is flat and near skin color. It is worth doing anything? Also, can the excimer or extrac laser pigment scars permeanently? Does it work well?

Answer: I really don't think us idiots have the answer to this one, call a doctor

Question: where can i find the manual of NIDEK EC-5000? hi... please ... I need the manual of the Lasik instrument which made by Nidek co. (NIDEK EC-5000) that use to correct the refraction erro of the eye by excimer laser, i spent long time on internet serching for any information about the using and mantinance of this instrument but I did not find any thing in puplic sites so can any one help me please????

Answer: Here is the Customer Service / Support phone number for Nidek, Inc. Service & Support: (510) 353-7710 If you call them, I'm sure they can get you a manual. Or email them here: http://www.usa.nidek.com/ContactUs/html/

Question: Who was Dr. Samuel Blum? The one who invented the excimer laser with three other people.

Answer: Dr. Samuel Blum, invented the procedure used in LASIK eye surgery, which has restored vision to a lot of people..☺

Question: Physics Problem - Diffraction Limit? Please help with one of my physics homework problems I am very stuck on. "One of the main factors driving improvements in the cost and complexity of integrated circuits (ICs) is improvements in photolithography and the resulting ability to print ever smaller features. Modern circuits are made using a variety of complicated lithography techniques, with the goal to make electronic traces as small and as close to each other as possible (to reduce the overall size, and thus increase the speed). In the end though, all optical techniques are limited by diffraction. Assume we have a scannable laser that draws a line on a circuit board (the light exposes a line of photoresist, which then becomes impervious to a subsequent chemical etch, leaving only the narrow metal line under the exposed photoresist). Assume the laser wavelength is 248 nm (Krypton Fluoride excimer laser), the initial beam diameter is 1 cm, and the focusing lens (diameter = 1.3 cm) is extremely 'fast', with a focal length of only 0.625 cm." a) What is the approximate width w of the line (defined here as the distance between diffraction minima on either side of the central spot/ridge -- see figure)? b) What is the minimum resolvable line separation between adjacent lines? c) If the laser wavelength is instead reduced to 157 nm (as is now potentially available with Argon Fluoride excimer lasers, though technical challenges remain), what is the new minimum resolvable line separation? d) Assuming the size of the traces is the only constraint limiting the 'areal density' (i.e., how many components can be laid out per square centimeter), by what factor does the areal density increase in going from a writing laser with λ = 248 nm to one with λ = 157 nm? e) Going back to the lithography system with a laser that produces light (in air) at λ = 248 nm, what minimum line separation can be expected in this case (i.e., what is the new answer to b), if the space between the lens and the photoresist is filled with water [n = 1.33 for water])? Hint: What effect does the index have on the wavelength of the light?

Answer: a. Θ=1.22λ/D(laser) d=2Θf=2.44λf/D(laser) (2.44)(248 nm)(6250000 nm)/(10000000 nm)=378.2 nm b. 378.2/2=189.1 nm c. Same as parts A and B Θ=1.22λ/D(laser) d=2Θf=2.44λf/D(laser) (2.44)(157 nm)(6250000 nm)/(10000000 nm)=239.425 239.425/2=119.7125 nm d. Use the answers to parts B and C as radii of circles and calculate the areas. Then divide them. Answer=2.495 e. Still working on it

Question: psoriasis laser treatment? Hi i am 15 years old and have moderate psoriasis. I think i also have guttate on my chest (red spots) which is embarrasing when i play basketball because i can't really take off my shirt when we are playing as skins. but anyway the coaches understand when i tell them. I was wondering if anyone knows if Blue Cross and Blue shield covers the Excimer Laser treatment for psoriasis. Also, right now since its summer my psoriasis is in a remission. However, there are nickel-sized white spots on my arms (about 2 or 3) tiny spots and about 5 on my right calf. I was wondering what i could do to clear these spots ( a bit) i use dovonex and Keri Lotion right now and also put on sunscreen so as to not get sunburn. If anyone could give me some help i will really appreciate it. I am willing to send pics of my psoriasis (not in a nasty way) for any experienced doctors/dermatologists on this webpage. Thanks in advance. Please reply ASAP

Answer: Laser can be used to treat psoriatic plaques. The laser used is called Excimer Laser. A controlled beam of UVB light is directed towards the lesion. The surrounding skin is not affected. It requires a few sessions of therapy. Side effects are redness and blistering which pass off soon.

Question: Physics Past Paper Help!? I was doing a past paper and came across a question that I didn't understand. Wavelenght is to the power of -7 Type of Laser Wavelength(M) Output power (W) Excimer 3.2x10 20.0 Argon 4.9x10 2.0 Dye 5.5x10 0.5 Helium-Neon 6.3x10 0.005 Nd-YAG 10.6x10 50.0 The visible spectrum has wavelenghts ranging from 4.0x10m to 7.0x10m. a) Which laser emits infrared radiation? c) Calculate the frequency of light from thr Helium-neon laser. d) Light from an argon laser is used to treat a patient's eye. During the treatment, the laser fires 15 short pulses of light. Each pulse last 0.2 second. Calculate the energy given out by the laser during the treatment. Can someone please answer these and tell me how it is done and why and things like that. Remember all wavelengths are to the power of -7. Sorry about the confusing layout. It was mucked up.

Answer: Type of Laser | Wavelength (m) . | Output power (W) Excimer . . . . . . .3.2x10^-7 . . . . . . 20.0 Argon. . . . . . . . .4.9x10^-7 . . . . . . . 2.0 Dye. . . . . . . . . . 5.5x10^-7 . . . . . . . .0.5 Helium-Neon. . . .6.3x10^-7 . . . . . . . .0.005 Nd-YAG . . . . . .10.6x10^-7 . . . . . . .50.0 The visible spectrum has wavelengths ranging from 4.0x10^-7 m to 7.0x10^-7 m a) the laser which emits infrared radiation is Nd-YAG b) frequency of light from the He-Ne laser: f = c/λ = 3×10^8 / 6.3x10^-7 = 476×10^12 Hz = 476 terahertz c) the energy given out by the Ar laser during the treatment E = P×t = 2.0×(15×0.2) = 6 J