Orbit

Question: What is at the inner-most orbit of the super-massive black hole at the center of our galaxy? What could we expect to find there? Just stars, or would it be more like a super dense, hot nebula? What velocity is required to maintain an orbit here? What is the distance from this inner-most orbit to the event horizon? Why is nothing in orbit closer to the event horizon than this?

Answer: The closest stable orbit around any black hole is where light just barely stays out of the BH. The orbital speed there is light speed. And small deviation from the orbit, and the light either falls in or escapes. So what would you find there? Mostly nothing. A very very thin plasma, with a few ions moving at nearly light speed on their way spiraling into the BH. Lucky for use, the BH has already absorbed most all of the gas and dust around there. Otherwise, there would be a LOT of radiation from just outside the closest stable orbit. Nonetheless, the gas/dust disk around the BH does emit a lot of heat and radio waves. There are some stars in orbit around Srg A*. Occasionally one will get very close to the BH -- within 10 BH radii. (Srg A* is about 0.15 AU in radius.) The tidal stresses at that point cause the star to flare, and we can detect the flare here on Earth.

Question: What enables the moon to continue to orbit around the earth? A satellite will only orbit the earth for a few years before it will be forced out of orbit but the moon has been orbiting for 15 billion years, so what prevents the earths gravity from pulling it in? What keeps it going and why doesnt the friction caused by the earths gravity(the force that prevents it from flying away) slow it down?

Answer: It's the calming affect of cheese.

Question: How much energy to send a spacecraft into a new orbit? What is the least amount of energy it takes to send a spacecraft of mass 3.50×104 kg from Earth's orbit to that of Mars? (Neglect the gravitational influence of the planets themselves.) Assume that both planetary orbits are circular, the radius of Earth's orbit is 1.50×1011 meters, and that of Mars' orbit is 2.28×1011 meters. The Sun's mass is 1.99×1030 kg

Answer: Simply calculate the difference in gravitational potential energy from the sun at both locations. U = GMm/r^2 thus Ue(for earth's orbit) = G*Ms*m / (Re)^2 (Where Ms is the mass of the sun, m is the mass of the spacecraft, and Re is the distance between the sun and earth) Um = G*Ms*m / (Rm)^2 (same, but Rm is distance from sun to Mars) Ue-Um is then the energy that you need to add. When i plug in numbers i get about 117 J. This is small, but that is to be expected when neglecting the gravity of the planets themselves. Hope this is what you needed :)

Question: How to measure the orbit of a star if you hav its orbital velocity and distance? How long will it take to complete 1 orbit? I was wondering if anyone knew the right formula to use? Thank you!

Answer: circumference = 2[pi] * radius time = circumference/rate

Question: What is the period of the asteroids orbit & orbital velocity? The period of the earth around the sun is 1 year and its distance is 150 million km from the sun. An asteroid in a circular orbit around the sun is at a distance 393 million km from the sun. A. What is the period of the asteroid’s orbit? Answer in years. B. What is the orbital velocity of the asteroid? Assume there are 365 days in one year.

Answer: The question uses GmM/R^2 = mV^2/R The gravitational force = the centripetal force. The information about the earth determines the mass of the Sun (M) in the above formula. m cancels out in both cases. You know G, R which must be converted to meters. T which must be converted to seconds (365*24*3600) V which also must be converted to meters (2*pi*R)/T Solve for M. You should get about 2*10^30 I think. Now start again. Do the same thing for the satellite. The m's cancel You know R (convert to meters) You know the circular orbit (from 2*pi*R) you know G you know the mass of the Sun (M) You will solve for V which will give you T when you use d=2*pi*R. The formula for V = d/t

Question: What is the best orbit for a satellite that maps the coastal waters of the world? How would you classify a satellite that is designed to map the coastal waters of the world, application or scientific? What would be the best orbit for such a satellite?

Answer: A polar orbit will cover the entire globe, which is probably what you want. Many polar orbit satellites are in sun-synchronous orbits and go over about the same local time each day. This is good for weather satellites. Dunno about mapping coastlines. Application or scientific depends on who launched the satellite and what they're doing with the data they develop with it.

Question: How long does it take for Venus to make one orbit around the sun? The earth orbits the sun once per year at the distance of 1.50 x 10^11m. Venus orbits the sun at a distance of 1.08 x 10^11m. These distances are between the centers of the planets and the sun. How long (in earth days) does it take for Venus to make one orbit around the sun?

Answer: VENUS Image of Venus Venus is the second closest planet to our Sun at an average distance 67 million miles. It revolves around the Sun every 225 Earth days, but its rotation takes 243 Earth days. One other interesting note is that Venus rotates clockwise, the only planet in our solar system to do so, and contrary to its own orbit around the Sun. Research suggests that the "backward" rotation is caused by tides which are raised in the thick atmosphere by the Sun, and with friction interaction between the atmosphere and planet itself. It is hypothesized that these interactions caused Venus's rotation to slow, stop, and then reverse. This is somewhat similar to what is happening here on Earth, as our Moon's pull on our oceans causes tides whose subsequent friction is gradually slowing Earth's rotation. Other recent research suggests that Venus' clockwise rotation was produced by an extreme impact from a large body early in Venus' development, 4 to 5 billion years ago (similar to how a major impact created our Moon from Earth). This large impact on Venus may have resulted in the planet reversing its rotation if the blow was from the opposite direction of its rotation. Venus is one of only three planets in our solar system which has a perfect circular sphere (the other two being Mercury and Pluto).

Question: What happens when the moon orbit reaches maximum distance from the earth? Will it only be possible to see the moon from one side of the earth? Will the tidal bulge remain in one place? Will the bulge be smaller than now since the moon will be further away or bigger since there will be no back and forth tide and the moon can just keeping pulling all the water in one direction? How long will it take for moon to reach maximum orbit distance?

Answer: Q: How long will it take for moon to reach maximum orbit distance? A: Never According to Wikipedia, "the Moon's distance to the Earth increases by 38 mm per year." The mechanism: the "gravitational coupling" between the Moon and the Earth drains "angular momentum and rotational kinetic energy" from the Earth and adds angular momentum to the Moon. Thus, earth's spin and orbit slows down while the Moon speeds up, lifting "the Moon into a higher orbit with a longer period." This slowing down of the Earth and the speeding up of the Moon is trending toward equilibrium, yet it will never reach this equilibrium. "This tidal drag will continue until the spin of the Earth has slowed to match the orbital period of the Moon; long before this could happen, the Sun will have become a red giant." ... So there is no 'maximum distance from the earth', but an ever increasing distance from the earth until the Sun turns into a red giant. If the Earth ever DID match the orbital period of the Moon, then yes, you would only be able to see the moon from one side of the earth and the Tidal Bulge would remain in one place (once momentum had sorted itself out). I do not know whether the bulge would be bigger or smaller; it's a good question. To reiterate: the moon will never reach the maximum orbit distance (unless your question is 'when will the Sun turn into a red giant?', which will be "in approximately five billion years")

Question: Do all the planets in our solar system orbit the sun in a single plane? Do all the planets orbit the sun in a single plane, or do they have their own planes of orbit (forming an ellipsoid)? I suspect that they are not all in a single plane. This is because, when we see the planets in the sky, we need to look above into the sky, each planet seen at various angles from the Earth's horizon. Further, if all the planets were in the same plane we should not have been able to see them. If they are not in a single plane, is it only for ease of representing that all pictures of the solar system depict the planets in a single plane with the sun?

Answer: They are very close to all being in the same plane, but slightly off. The reason we see planets up in the sky is because the earth is on a tilted angle, so it's like we're looking out with our heads tilted to one side which is why planets appear above the horizon.

Question: A satellite is in a circular orbit 225 km above the equator of the earth. How many kilometres must it travel? A satellite is in a circular orbit 225 km above the equator of the earth. How many kilometres must it travel for its longitude to change by 78.2°? Assume the radius of the earth equals 6400 kilometres.

Answer: It depends on the inclination of the orbit. Is it equatorial? Polar? Something in between? If it's equatorial, then you just need to work out the right proportion of the circumference. The proportion would be 78.2 / 360 Can you do the maths? (as it sounds like your homework :-) If it's an inclined orbit, you'd need more information about the inclination, ascending node and initial position.

Question: What are some good places to look for Dark Orbit tips and Dark Orbit cheats? I've been playing this game call Dark Orbit and I was wondering what are some good sites to find tips and cheats on. There's a lot of misinfo out there and I don't want to pay for a scam. Just so some of you who have not play this game. It is a space battle game where you control your own space ships and you kill aliens and other players. It is a lot of fun. Hope to see you in the game.

Answer: im looking for the same thing

Question: How fast would an object have to move to stay in Earth orbit at treetop level? Things stay in orbit by moving fast enough to resist gravity, right? And the more mass an object has, the slower it can move without falling out of orbit. So how fast would an object the size of an airliner have to be moving to stay in orbit at treetop level, "flying" without wings? I know it's impractical, but just curious.

Answer: Mass has nothing to do with it: v^2/r = g; v = sqrt(rg) = sqrt(6.4 x 10^6 m x 9.8 m/s^2) = 7200 m/s = 28500 km/h At this speed, the object would circle the earth in just under an hour and a half.

Question: What is the minimum amount of energy required to move a satellite from orbit to a location far away? A satellite of mass 3500 kg orbits the Earth in a circular orbit of radius of 7.5 106 m (this is above the Earth's atmosphere).The mass of the Earth is 6.0 1024 kg. What is the speed of the satellite? What is the minimum amount of energy required to move the satellite from this orbit to a location very far away from the Earth?

Answer: this problem is impossible without the altitude of the satellite

Question: How satallite is placed in the Geostationary Orbit once it is projected? Geoestationary satellites are projected vertically. Then there may be tangential force applied to place them in Geostationary Orbit. How such events are carried out.

Answer: The word in English you're looking for is "launched," not "projected." But we understand what you mean. Rockets carrying satellites destined for GSO are launched vertically for only a few hundred meters before the rocket begins to pitch downrange and accomplish the "tangential" portion of the mission. About ten minutes after launch, the payload is in a low Earth orbit while it checks itself out, looks at the sun and stars to determine which way it's pointing, and prepares for the next phase of its mission. About 20 minutes after launch, the apogee boost motor (ABM) fires and raises the spacecraft's altitude to several thousand kilometers, the geostationary belt altitude. This requires two manuevers: one to raise the apogee (farthest point of the orbit) and another at the other end of the orbit to make it circular. The second ABM burn can take place up to four days after launch. At this point the satellite is in a 24-hour orbit, but it is inclined according to the launch site's latitude. The final ABM maneuver changes the inclination of the orbit to lie in the same plane as Earth's equator. All those maneuvers are done with the ABM, a rocket motor the spacecraft carries with it; and controlled by a computer and sensors on board.

Question: How do you find the semi major axis of the orbit of an exoplanet? If an exoplanet orbits a star of one solar mass and the orbital period is five days, how do you fine the semi major axis of the orbit? ** I don't want the answer, I want to know how to solve the problem. I can't find out how from either of my two books ** Any help is welcomed.

Answer: If the star is one solar mass, then you might as well consider an object orbiting the Sun in 5 days. You can use Kepler's Third Law, which says that the square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of it's semi-major axis. For the Sun (which also applies in this case) we can say that T² = a³, where T is the orbital period in years and a is the semi-major axis in Astronomical Units. Convert the period to years, then use the formula.

Question: How much work is done by the satellite during one orbit of the earth? A 500 kg satellite is orbiting earth, radius of earth is 6.38 x 10^3 km, and acceleration of gratity as the orbital altitude of 160km is the same as earth basically 9.8. How much work is done by the satellite during one orbit of the earth? Use Ek and Eg to find it. I just cant find the right answer, please help. Determine how long it would take for the satellite to make one complete revolution around world

Answer: The first 2 are right about the work. The initial energy to launch the satellite remains the constant sum of its kinetic and gravitational energies. Part 2: The orbital period in seconds is 4π²R³/GM where G is the universal gravitational constant and M is the earth's mass. Use the right units and you'll get the right answer.......

Question: Will airplanes in the future go out of orbit and into space to speed up travel time? I could have sworn that I saw a commercial airlines working on this concept. Supposedly going out of orbit, you can travel anywhere in the world in 45 minutes! Please let me know if this is true or a myth. If someone has a link with details that would be even better! Cheers.

Answer: its true. (only if you meant going into orbit to speed up travel time) Probably more a aerospace company working on the concept, not an airline themselves. However, it may not be exactly into orbit. The craft will be most likely suborbital. Same advantages as orbital but expends less fuel and loosens the technical requirements on the spacecraft/aircraft. many advantages, most are obvious, speed, zero air resistance, no sonic boom to disturb anyone, no weather issues etc. the question of air is easily solved. The cabin will be pressurized like airliners of today. And air can be stored in tanks or produced by certain chemical reactions. (like what NASA is using to keep their astronaust alive) however, it will take decades before this type of travel will become affordable to the average person wanting to go somewhere to visit or on a vacation.

Question: What is the total energy of the electron in orbit B? In the hydrogen atom the radius of orbit B is twenty-five times greater than the radius of orbit A. The total energy of the electron in orbit A is -0.213 eV. What is the total energy of the electron in orbit B?

Answer: the total energy of an electron in an atom inversely varies with the square of the radius of the orbit. So, if the radius of orbit B is 25 times the radius of orbit A, than the energy of an electron in orbit B will be -0.213eV/25^2 = -0.213/625 eV. (if it is 25 times greater , that means radius of orbit B is 26 times the radius of orbit A. In such case energy of an electron in orbit B will be -0.213/26^2 eV )

Question: How do I find the formulas for spin–orbit resonance between the earth and the moon? The moon and earth. Earth day getting longer and Moon orbit around earth getting longer and the moon being thrown away from earth.

Answer: Do you want the equations for how the orbit of the moon has evolved in the past and will evolve in the future? And for the spin of the Moon and the Earth? This is a very complex subject and takes much study. You could start with the links below. But be prepared for a year or two of advanced college-level maths.

Question: How to download a video from Facebook using Orbit? I already downloaded real player and orbit down loader. Please tell me how to go about downloading the video. I tried right clicking, but nothing happens. Thank you.

Answer: i suggest you use leawo youtube downloader. with speeding up function,it can fast download YouTube videos from YouTube and FLV files from other videos sites like Google video, iFilm, Myspace, Dailymotion, etc. http://search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=A0oGkziRH6pKCJMAXIJXNyoA?fr2=sg-gac&sado=1&p=leawo%20youtube%20downloader&fr=yfp-t-701&pqstr=leawo%20youtube%20&gprid=vMDh9f_kRaiY5K8e5RSW8A&sac=1&sao=1 and after you download it you need to convert it to other formats such as wmv,mp3,mp4 etc according to your requirement. For Windows: http://search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=A0oGkxPCdUlK9mUB08RXNyoA?p=leawo+flv+converter&y=Search&fr=ytff1-tyc&fr2=sb-top&sao=0 For MAC: http://search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=A0oGklcpNoVK9QQBhhxXNyoA?p=leawo+mac+flv+converter&y=Search&fr=yfp-t-151&fr2=sb-top&sao=1