Hemoglobin

Question: Hemoglobin? HI can someone explain in laymans terms if your Hemoglobin is low what cause's this and how it can be put right?

Answer: Your haem levels are basically the level of haemoglobin in your blood. Haemoglobin is the part that carries oxygen to your body's cells, so is obviously very important. When haem levels get too low, not enough oxygen gets to your cells, leading to breathlessness, excessive tiredness and when it's severe, can actually affect your periods. A diet low in protein or iron, copper or zinc can cause haem levels to dip, as can blood loss (such as while on a period). The best thing to do is have a diet high in iron-rich foods (such as lean red meats, and dark green leafy vegetable) and ALWAYS follow any meat with something containing vitamin C - your body cannot absorb iron without vitamin C, so even if you do have a diet already rich in iron, you're probably not absorbing it correctly.

Question: hemoglobin? please state how hemoglobin is used? do you think police use hemoglobin to or just Forensic investigaters?

Answer: Hemoglobin is just a part of the blood. I can't imagine a way for police to use it, except in forensics. I do know that if they get blood splattered in their face or something, they will be tested for diseases, etc. God Bless good police officers and keep them safe..... and weed out the bad ones who give cops a bad name. Amen. Sue

Question: What is the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to unoxygenated hemoglobin? Hb x O2 (aq) + CO (g) --> Hb x CO (aq) + O2 (g) represents the reaction when carbon monoxide competes with oxygen for the binding of hemoglobin. If the concentration of oxygen is equal to the concentration of carbon monoxide, then what is the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to unoxygenated hemoglobin? And how do I determine that?

Answer: you have to find the equilibrium constant http://www.ausetute.com.au/blood.html says that the ratio you seek is roughly 200 . for they say that the is that the [HbCO] about 200x's larger than [HbO2] when they say that the K for Hb & CO --> HbCO is 200x's greater than the K for Hb & O2 --> HbO2 ie [HbCO] / [HbO2] = 200 ======================= another source: http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index;… Hb (aq) + O2 (aq) --> HbO2 (aq) Kc = 1.8 Hb (aq) + CO (aq) --> HbCO(aq) Kc=306 ----------------------- first K = 1.8 = [HbO2] / [Hb] [O2] second K = 306 = [HbCO] / [Hb] [CO] ----------------------------- second K divided by first K = [HbCO] / [Hb] [CO] times [HbO2] / [Hb] [O2] equals the equilib you want: [HbCO] [O2] / [HbO2] [CO] and if [O2] = [CO], then [HbCO] / [HbO2] is K HbCO divided by K HbO2 your ratio is 306 / 1.8 = 170

Question: What happens to hemoglobin levels when a person is in shock as in after an accident? Let's say the person is bleeding internally so that would make the hemoglobin go down. What about shock? Would it temporarily keep hemoglobin levels up? But if you were to immediately check the person's hemoglobin in a lab right after an accident while the person is just starting to bleed internally but is also in shock, could Hgb appear normal for a few minutes? If so, for how long?

Answer: To answer your question specifically, hemoglobin levels would NOT drop immediately. That is because the measurement of hemoglobin is a CONCENTRATION. Lets say you have ten grains of sand mixed equally in ten drops of water. You have a concentration of 1 sand grain/drop of water. If you lose 5 drops of water, you also lose 5 drops of sand. Your concentration remaining is still 1 sand grain/drop of water. Whether or not you are in shock has nothing to do with this. That just means that your organs are not receiving enough oxygen. Your hemoglobin will eventually drop when your body pulls extra fluid into the vascular space. Now you have the same amount of "sand grains" but more drops of water, lowering the concentration of hemoglobin.

Question: How do you increase your hemoglobin levels when your red blood cell count is normal? I have the Thalassemia trait and unfortunately my hemoglobin is usually around 9.2 or 9.3. The doctor doesn't see the point of giving me iron supplements because he says that I have enough red blood cells. I'm wondering if my fatigue and shortness of breath can be alleviated by increasing my hemoglobin. Has anyone ever dealt with this condition?

Answer: There are ways to get your hemoglobin count back up to normal before surgery, depending on the cause of your anemia. If you lack certain nutrients or vitamins, you may need to take supplements or a medication to increase your red blood cells. I have never had this but have seen it

Question: How many domains are in a hemoglobin? And how is it different from myoglobin? I know that a hemoglobin consists of 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits (2 different subunits, 2 subunits in total). For example Myglobin has only 1 subunit and only one domain. How do their structures affect their functions?

Answer: You are right about the four domains of hemoglobin and the one of myoglobin. Here's some more info: Myoglobin – Alpha helices held together by turns. Globular protein held together by hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and salt bonds. Has a heme group bonded to an iron atom. O2 can get into the center of the molecule to the heme group (in a hydrophobic pocket) but water cannot. Two histidines hold the iron atom in place. When the oxygen pressure drops in the cell, oxygen will dissociate from myoglobin so that it can supply the electron transport chain in cells. Myoglobin is a monomer and binds oxygen at a lower PO2 than hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a tetramer and inhibits the binding of oxygen at low pressures, so it delivers oxygen better to tissues that need it. Also, it has cooperative binding, so as one oxygen bonds to it, the next ones do so more rapidly.

Question: What does it mean when your hemoglobin levels drop significantly in 2 weeks? I had my blood test done two weeks ago and just recently. Two weeks ago it said my hemoglobin level was 11.2 and now it says its 9. Is there a reason it dropped so significantly in just two weeks? I didn't have any major bleeding or anything. I went from being slightly anemic to full on anemic in a couple weeks. Does anyone know what could be the cause?

Answer: Two possibilities. (Three if you consider laboratory error.) One is that you are bleeding and don't know it. From the stomach, from the guts, whatever. Lots of sources of internal bleeding. The other one is dilution. What the hemoglobin test measures is how much hemoglobin you have in X amount of blood. You have a female-looking avatar, so I will assume you are female. We females tend to lose and gain bunches of fluid. If you have more fluid in your body than you did two weeks ago, and you have the same amount of hemoglobin you did two weeks ago, your test is going to show less hemoglobin per X amount of blood. I checked into an emergency room a while back with GI complaints and inability to keep anything on my stomach. I was dehydrated. My hemoglobin was 12. They kept me in the hospital on IV's for three days, during which time the only blood I lost was for their tests. On the third day, my hemoglobin was 7. I was overhydrated by then. So your hemoglobin can change a lot in a short period of time when you are not losing blood and when the only change is how much fluid you are carrying. Now, if you don't think you might have gained some fluid in the last two weeks, I suggest you discuss this with your doctor, because the alternative is internal bleeding. Or laboratory error.

Question: How would hemoglobin appear in gel electrophoresis? I did a science lab in class. One of the samples I injected into the gel was hemoglobin. How would you describe its appearance and why would it appear that way?

Answer: bigger blots of the blood will stay near the top of the gel because dna is negatively charged. the smaller dna sequences will be near the bottom by the positive charge. so it will be bigger than smaller from top(negative) to bottom. it will not be right next to each other because it will all be distinct.

Question: What is a low hemoglobin count and what are risks? A friend of mine has severe anemia with a hemoglobin count of 2. She has been showing symptoms for about four months and has just gone to the doctor and got admitted. How would they treat her and would she need a blood transfusion? Also what would be her greatest risks?

Answer: 'A hemoglobin count of 2' is very low for any person and is severe anemia. This anemia must have developed slowly (over several weeks or months) for her body to withstand it. There are several possible causes of this anemia. It could be from gradual and occult (hidden) blood loss such as scanty but prolonged bleeding from the intestines, or intestinal parasites (e.g hookworm) sucking blood over a long period. It could also result from continuous damage of red blood cells in the body like in sickle cell disease and other hemolytic anemias. Failure of her body (bone marrow) to produce enough red blood cells may also cause this degree of anemia e.g in severe nutritional deficiencies, leukemia, some drugs and toxins. I'm sure the doctors will run some tests to find out the cause of her anemia. She will require blood transfusion to correct this severe anemia. Blood transfusion has its own risks but with current knowledge and technology these risks are drastically reduced. She may in addition require other forms of treatment depending on what caused her anemia. She needs your support. Good luck.

Question: What are symptoms of hemoglobin being dangerously low? I know the general symptoms of anemia (fatigue, short of breath, irritability, pica, etc) but what is one symptom that presents itself when the hemoglobin level is critically low and would warrant a hospital admission?

Answer: ...circulating blood volume loss leads to hypotension and later development of shock....usual symptomology signaling a dangerously low volume of hemoglobin (which of course transports O2 throughout the body for cellular metabolism) always includes "dizziness" particularly when standing up on feet from sitting or lying position, which, may cause syncope(fainting), and when loss of consciousness and syncope occur, a ticket for hospital admission should be written...

Question: How can we increase the hemoglobin level in our body? If we want to increase the level of hemoglobin in our body, what can be done and what kind of food should we take?

Answer: Hemoglobin will increase with the consumption of iron rich foods such as spinach. Hemoglobin will also increase with improved health and fitness. good luck

Question: What is a recipe for Hemoglobin based or Perfluorocarbon based artificial blood? I am doing a science project on artificial blood and I need to find the components of the two major base types: Perflouorocarbon based and Hemoglobin based artificial blood, and a recipe to make them.

Answer: See first link for PFC. See second link for Hb-based.

Question: Compared with normal hemoglobin, the hemoglobin of a person with sickle cell disease? a. is longer. b. is shorter. c. has a different sequence of amino acids. d. is wider. People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because a. they are resistant to malaria. b. they usually have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells. c. their abnormal hemoglobin usually doesn’t cause their red blood cells to become sickle shaped. d. they do not produce abnormal hemoglobin.

Answer: b. is shorter Sickle cell causes red blood cells to become deformed causing their oxygen carrying capacity to be lower than a normal person. This causes health related issues with the person thus lowering lifespan. c. their abnormal hemoglobin usually doesn’t cause their red blood cells to become sickle shaped. A person with sickle cell has a homozygous recessive genotype which is (aa) . A heterozygous (Aa) does not sickle the cell, but it does lower hemoglobin's oxygen carrying capacity compared that to a normal person with a homozygous dominant genotype of (AA). Thought I edit in the explanations hope it helps.

Question: What could be the reason for hemoglobin levels rising? I was wondering what would make hemoglobin levels rise. I know you can increase you're iron by eating red meat but I don't eat it. What else cold be the reason I have gone from being almost anemic to having a pretty high reading in about 18 months?

Answer: dodgy spleen or haemochromatosis

Question: What is the chemical methods for hemoglobin estimation? hi, i would like to know what is the chemical methods for hemoglobin estimation. i can hardly find any info about it. is it alkaline hematin is one of them?

Answer: http://fillinganswers.universe.net.ru http://ininfo.mrealty.co.nzyou can get much information in this website,stay a minute in website and check anyone link at a time,you can aslo get your answer in Google Search in this website, which has helped me alot

Question: In what way does hemoglobin act as a buffer against changes in blood pH? In what way does hemoglobin act as a buffer against changes in blood pH? Hemoglobin removes excess protons from the red blood cells so that they can be excreted through the kidneys. Hemoglobin binds some of the excess protons released by carbonic acid. Subsequent binding of oxygen is drastically reduced after the first one is bound. Hemoglobin produces protons or hydroxide ions as needed to alter the blood pH. All of the above answers apply.

Answer: In addition to binding oxygen, transporting it from the lungs to the cells which need it, hemoglobin also binds CO2, which is released by those same cells to transport it to the lungs. If this CO2 were not bound to hemoglobin, it would form carbonic acid in the blood, causing the blood in the veins and the pulmonary arteries to have a lower pH than the blood coming from the lungs.

Question: What are the effects of the glutamic acid to valine mutation on the Hemoglobin protein? What are the effects of the glutamic acid to valine mutation on the Hemoglobin protein as it relates to Sickle Cell Anemia?

Answer: Glutamic acid's R-group (sidechain) is charged and polar. Valine's is totally non-polar. So whatever role glutamic acid plays in the hemoglobin molecule, undoubtedly involving interactions with other polar/charged entities, valine would not have a prayer of duplicating. Glutamate's properties are apparently critical, at least, in maintaining the shape and integrity of the red blood cell.

Question: What is Hemoglobin & should I worry about a blood test being Positive for it? I recently tested positive for Hemoglobin. Can anyone tell me exactaly what it is? I thought I might be pregnant but soon after the blood work I started my period (like a week after). I don't know what it is.

Answer: LOL.... I certainly hope so.... Hemoglobin is in every ones blood, its what binds to the oxygen to carry it through your body.... I think maybe you've got your wires crossed about what you tested positive for

Question: What is the main difference between hemocyanin vs hemoglobin? Can large animals living on land have hemocyanin instead of hemoglobin I happen to watch a documentary program call the Future is wild (this program is based On future life forms after man) in this program we see animals called mega squid and octopus taking over land(octopus and squid have hemocyanin blood in them) so is it scientifically possible for cephalopod live in land with there blood type.

Answer: Hemocyanin contains copper as the oxygen-carrier, rather than iron. It is much less efficient than hemoglobin. THEIR is the correct usage; it means "belonging to them."

Question: What are the ligands and central metal in hemoglobin and chlorophyll? Which atoms in the chemical make-up of hemoglobin and chlorophyll are ligands and which i the central metal? I really need to know this fast for chemistry homework I have.

Answer: hemoglobin = Fe chlorophyll = Mg