Exophthalmos

Question: Exophthalmos is a disorder caused by hypersecretion from the? Pineal gland, Thyroid gland, pancreas, gonads or parathyroid gland? Pleas help! Thanks so much

Answer: Thyroid Gland, as part of Basedow Syndrome.

Question: What is the mechanism of developing Exophthalmos/ Proptosis? We know that Exophthalmos is a feature of hyperthyroidism, What mechanism causes these eye features e.g., diplopia, proptosis, lidlag. Thanks

Answer: In endocrine-related exophthalmos, protrusion of the eyeballs is the result of an underlying hormonal disorder and double vision results from swelling and scarring in the eye muscles, causing abnormal alignment and motion of the eyes. Ptosis and lid lag Ptosis: Drooping of the eyelid. Can be unilateral or bilateral, complete and incomplete, acquired and congenital. Common causes include: Horner's syndrome Sympathetic paralysis causing partial, unilateral ptosis occurring with ipsilateral pupillary constriction and lack of sweating. 3rd nerve lesion Usually complete, unilateral ptosis with ophthalmoplegia (eye pointing outward) and pupil dilated and non-reactive. Myopathy E.g. myasthenia gravis. Can be unilateral but usually bilateral ptosis. Plexiform neuroma This is associated with neurofibromatosis type I Levator dehiscence (aponeurotic ptosis) Unilateral due to damage to the superior rectus-levator muscle that may be iatrogenic during suturing. Senile form is bilateral. Congenital Often presents at birth but may appear in first 12 months. Can be associated with poor visual acuity or strabismus. 3 Can be idiopathic or: Neuropathic - Horner's syndrome or 3rd nerve lesion (as above) or Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome (eye winks when moving jaw) Damage at birth Perio-orbital tumours Neuroma or neurofibroma Scarring. Lid lag Delay in moving eye lid as eye moves downwards. Causes include hyperthyroidism (due to raised sympathetic tone), anxiety4 and childhood Graves' disease. 5 References Used MRCOphth Success in MRCOphth part 2 - Ptosis information Oxford Handbook of General Practice, Eds Simon C et al. OUP 2003. Suh.D.W on eMedicine MedDean at Loyola University Chicago website Chan W, Wong GW, Fan DS, et al; Ophthalmopathy in childhood Graves' disease.;Br J Ophthalmol 2002 Jul;86(7):740-2.[abstract]

Question: Why does excess thyroid hormone cause exophthalmos?

Answer: Graves Disease is one of the most common causes of Hyperthyroidism (excess thyroid hormone) "In the case of Graves' Disease, the displacement of the eye is due to abnormal connective tissue deposition in the orbit and extraocular muscles which can be visualized by CT or MRI.[1]"

Question: what are the named eye signs in thyrotoxic exophthalmos?they are said to be 40 of them,what are they?

Answer: Prominence of the eyes is the most important sign. A wild or staring expression is often observed. Lag of the lids behind the globes on downward rotation and lag of the globes behind the lids in upward rotation, infrequent blinking, failure to wrinkle the forehead on looking upward, and decreased ability to converge are also cardinal manifestations. Swelling of the lids is a characteristic and frequent eye sign. The bulbar conjunctiva may be edematous (chemosis). The insertions of the medial and lateral rectus muscles are often enlarged, inflamed, and quite obvious . The lacrimal gland may protrude below the orbital bone margin. a list would look something like;;;; Ophthalmic phenomena reflecting thyrotoxicosis per se and apparently resulting from sympathetic overactivity: Lid reaction Wide palpebral aperture (Dalrymple's sign) Lid lag (von Graefe's sign) Staring or frightened expression Infrequent blinking (Stellwag's sign) Absence of forehead wrinkling on upward gaze (Joffroy's sign) Ophthalmic phenomena unique for Graves' disease and caused by specific pathologic changes in the orbit and its contents: Inability to keep the eyeballs converged (Mobius' sign) Limitation of movement of the eyeballs, especially upward Diplopia Blurred vision due to inadequate convergence and accommodation Swelling of orbital contents and puffiness of the lids Chemosis, corneal injection, or ulceration Irritation of the eye or pain in the globe Exophthalmos (also produces mechanically a wide palpebral fissure) Visible and palpable enlargement of the lacrimal glands Visible swelling of lateral rectus muscles as they insert into the globe, and injection of the overlying vessels Decreased visual acuity due to papilledema, retinal edema, retinal hemorrhages, or optic nerve damage wanna know more?

Question: does any1 know what is exophthalmos gravidarum? its 4 a&p

Answer: Exopthamlmos is the "eyes popping out" appearance that occurs with hyperthyroidism, most commonly with Grave's disease. The gravidarum tells you that it is related to pregancy.

Question: 17.A female presents with goiter, exophthalmos and dermal abnormalities such as finger clubbing. Your best d : a. hypothyroidism; b. hyperparathyroidism; c. Hashimoto’s disease; d. Grave’s disease; e. Cushing’s syndrome

Answer: a. Results from pituitary failure, not thyroid b. Typically asymptomatic c. Correct. Goiter is a classic sign. d. Graves is associated with Hyperthyroidism e. pt not present with common signs & symptoms

Question: can PCO cause exophthalmos,,im confused :s? well,, i was diagnosed with PCO "polycystic ovary syndrome" recently ,, but my proplem is that i have kinda exophthalamoseyes "not that scary like sick ppl " ,, i dont have any thyroid disturbance and my eyes r kida popped naturally but its been more recently and more than one have noticed that and asked me if i have any thyroid problems :S ,, any way ,,i was wondering is that possiple that the PCO disturbance cause exophthalamos ??? thx alot ,, hope that only Drs and ppl with medical concern would answer ^^ well, im a medical student and i know the signs of having any thyroid proplem such as goiter ,, but the proplem is that i don't !!!! thats why i asked if it has any connection with PCO :S

Answer: you could have 2 diseases - PCOS and thyroid problems - discover more in:

Question: can long term eyeglasses wearing cause bulging eyes? my nurse friend told me that wearing the same pair of glasses for a long time can cause exophthalmos. I said she's crazy. Is she?

Answer: I don't know if she's crazy, but she is wrong. :)

Question: thyroid deficiency occurring during infancy leads to:? thyroid deficiency occurring during infancy leads to: a)acromegaly b)myxedema c)cretinism d) cushing's syndrome e) exophthalmos

Answer: Acromegaly (from Greek akros "extreme" or "extremities" and megas "large" - extremities enlargement) is a hormonal disorder that results when the pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone (hGH). Most commonly it is a benign hGH producing tumor derived from a distinct type of cells (somatotrophs) and called pituitary adenoma. Acromegaly most commonly affects middle-aged adults and can result in serious illness and premature death. Because of its insidious pathogenesis and slow progression, the disease is hard to diagnose in the early stages and is frequently missed for many years. Myxedema (British myxoedema) is a skin and tissue disorder usually due to severe prolonged hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism can be caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis, surgical removal of the thyroid, and rarer conditions. Partial forms of myxedema, especially of the lower legs (called pretibial myxedema), occasionally occur in adults with Graves' disease, a cause of hyperthyroidism; or also Hashimoto's thyroiditis without severe hypothyroidism. Cretinism is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism). The term cretin refers to a person so affected. Cushing's syndrome (also called hypercortisolism or hyperadrenocorticism) is an endocrine disorder caused by high levels of cortisol in the blood. Cortisol is released from the adrenal gland in response to ACTH being released from the pituitary gland in the brain. High levels of cortisol can also be induced by the administration of drugs. Cushings disease, or more properly termed secondary hyperadrenocorticism, is very similar to Cushing's syndrome in that all physiologic manifestations of the conditions are the same. Both diseases are characterized by elevated levels of cortisol in the blood, but the cause of elevated cortisol differs between the diseases. Cushing's disease specifically refers to a tumor in the pituitary gland that stimulates excessive release of cortisol from the adrenal gland by releasing large amounts of ACTH. It was discovered by American physician, surgeon and endocrinologist Harvey Cushing (1869-1939) and reported by him in 1932. Cushing's syndrome is also a relatively common condition in domestic dogs in which causes are the same as the syndrome in humans, and in horses, where it leads to a long, tightly curled coat which does not shed and leads to weight loss and laminitis. Exophthalmos is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit. Exophthalmos can be either bilateral (as is often seen in Grave's Disease) or unilateral (as is often seen in an orbital tumor). Measurement of the degree of exophthalmos is performed using an exophthalmometer. Complete or partial dislocation from the orbit is also possible from trauma or swelling of surrounding tissue resulting from trauma. In the case of Graves Disease, the displacement of the eye is due to abnormal connective tissue deposition in the orbit and extraocular muscles which can be visualized by CT or MRI.[1] If left untreated, exophthalmos can causes the eye lids to fail to close during sleep leading to corneal damage. The process that is causing the displacement of the eye may also compress the optic nerve or ophthalmic artery leading to blindness.

Question: ANATOMY QSN: HORMONES? . Mr. Holdt brings his wife to the clinic, concerned about her nervousness, heart palpitations, and excessive sweating. There is no goiter and no exophthalmos. Tests show hyperglycemia and hypertension. Which single hormone is most likely being hypersecreted? Explain how you arrived at your answer. Name a disorder that would lead to this hypersecretion

Answer: Adrenaline (Epinephrine). - has vasoconstrictive effects - inhibits insulin secretion by the pancreas, stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver and muscle, and stimulates glycolysis in muscle. -triggers glucagon secretion in the pancreas, increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion by the pituitary gland, and increased lipolysis by adipose tissue. Together these effects lead to increased blood pressure (hypertension), blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and fatty acids, providing substrates for energy production within cells throughout the body. For more information, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinepherin… Anxiety disorders are a common cause for the release of adrenaline. A less common non-psychological cause is Pheochromocytoma. Pheochromocytoma is a neuroendocrine tumor of the medulla of the adrenal gland that can lead to the continual release of adrenaline. for more information, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheochromoc…

Question: help me with this diagnosis for college!? ok. here is the symptoms/description of patient 26 year old female, acne, irritability, mood swings, self abusing talk (such as I'm a loser), depression, societal withdrawal, anxiety, nervousness, hands shake when sitting still, exophthalmos, insomina, rashes on hands, extreme appetite, numb feelings in legs, patient also picks face occasionally, stares out into space (extremely disconnected with real world), has troubled relationships with friends, smokes, drinks excessively. the question is.. is it potentially graves disease, or is it drug addiction?

Answer: Hmm..sounds like drug addiction to me

Question: In which of the following illnesses does the thyroid gland produce excessive amounts of thyroxine causing an? Increased metabolic rate and exophthalmos in the patient? A. Acromegaly B. Cushing's Syndrome C. Addison's Disease D. Graves' Disease

Answer: Graves' is an autoimmune disease which may have hypo-, hyper- and euthyroid phases, although the general tendency is to hyper. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is another autoimmune disease which may also have hyper or euthyroid phases, although the general tendency is to hypothyroidism. Thyroid eye disease may be caused by the antibodies in Graves' or Hashi. It is also possible to be hyperthyroid without the autoimmune aspect.

Question: Why do Conservatives keep telling me the attacks on Libya are unilateral? I don't think this is a productive action, however, to say they are "unilateral" would demonstrated a stunning ignorance on the actual meaning of the word. Definition of UNILATERAL 1 a : done or undertaken by one person or party b : of, relating to, or affecting one side of a subject : one-sided c : constituting or relating to a contract or engagement by which an express obligation to do or forbear is imposed on only one party 2 a : having parts arranged on one side <a unilateral raceme> b : occurring on, performed on, or affecting one side of the body or one of its parts <unilateral exophthalmos> 3 : unilineal 4 : having only one side

Answer: "done or undertaken by one person or party" That party is the U.S. The U.N. may have made the decision for Barry and other countries may have a plane or two in the game, but the U.S., as always, is carrying out 90% of the effort. Okay, so our effort is not 100%, but given that it is 90%? Well, that is close enough for unilateral to me. You can obsess on the nuance.

Question: Medical Term? im stuck on these two anyone help? Is Hypocrinism a condition caused by deficient secretion of any gland, expecially an endocrine gland? and is exophthalmos is abnormal protustion of the eyes? thank you

Answer: Googling would have given you the answer. Hypocrinism is a state due to deficient secretion of an endocrin gland. Exophthalmos is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit either bilateral or unilateral.