Epinephrine

Question: Epinephrine? Will epinephrine make me more aggressive? Like, say for example that I am really timid in football. If I take epinephrine will it just make me go crazy and be relentless? Thanks.

Answer: I think it's more for getting over hives. I wouldn't use it for sports. Use visualization. See yourself in your imagination, from OUTSIDE yourself. See yourself playing sports. Now, see yourself being stronger & more aggressive, when it's necessary. See yourself being applauded by your teammates & your coach yelling, "Great!" at you. That's better than weird drugs.

Question: Why does epinephrine cause a liver cell to hydrolyze without ever entering the cell? The Hormone epinephrine can cause a liver cell to hydrolyze its stored glycogen ad release sugar without the hormone ever entering the cell. Explain why this occurs. Thank you for any responses! I greatly appreciate the help!

Answer: Epinephrine binds to a receptor in the cell membrane. This causes the release of cAMP, called a "Second messenger" inside the cell. This second messenger begins an enzyme cascade that causes the hydrolysis of epinephrine.

Question: Can ANYONE describe the action of aldosterone, epinephrine and erythropoetin on blood pressure? Describe the action of aldosterone, epinephrine and erythropoetin on blood pressure. Can you include which of the 4 regulators of blood pressure are effected by each of these and what happens to blood pressure (up or down)? You will get 11points if you can do all of these things!

Answer: you must be in nursing school Aldosterone helps regulate sodium and potassium levels in the body. This helps control blood pressure and the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the blood. The kidney hormone renin normally stimulates the adrenal glands to release aldosterone. High levels of both renin and aldosterone are normally present when the body is trying to conserve fluid and salt (sodium). When a tumor is present, an aldosterone level will be high while a renin level will be low. Usually a renin activity test is done when the aldosterone level is measured. Other important functions of the kidneys include blood pressure regulation, and the production of erythropoietin, which controls red blood cell production in the bone marrow. Urinary system parts and their functions: two kidneys - a pair of purplish-brown organs located below the ribs toward the middle of the back. Their function is to: remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine. keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood. produce erythropoietin, a hormone that aids the formation of red blood cells. epinephrine When secreted into the bloodstream, it rapidly prepares the body for action in emergency situations. The hormone boosts the supply of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles, while suppressing other non-emergency bodily processes (digestion in particular). It increases heart rate and stroke volume, dilates the pupils, and constricts arterioles in the skin and gut while dilating arterioles in skeletal muscles. It elevates the blood sugar level by increasing catalysis of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and at the same time begins the breakdown of lipids in fat cells. Like some other stress hormones, epinephrine has a suppressive effect on the immune system.[5] Although epinephrine does not have any psychoactive effects, stress or arousal also releases norepinephrine in the brain. Norepinephrine has similar actions in the body, but is also psychoactive

Question: What is the difference between Norepinephrine and Epinephrine? And why are they no longer called Noradrenaline and Adrenaline? I read that Norepinephrine and Epinephrine are essentially the same thing, so why the distinction?

Answer: This was answered before, see here it may help you out. They are different but have similar effects. http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?…

Question: How does an injection of epinephrine stop the inflammatory response? When you are having an allergic reaction or extreme itching after a sunburn or rash, how does epinephrine work to stop it?

Answer: I've never given epinephrine for extreme itchiing or sunburn, or even a rash. I've only ever given it for a life threatening allergic reaction, which we call anaphyllaxis. Besides giving the epinephrine, I also gave them injectable diphenhydramine and a steroid. I would imagine it help blocks the histamine receptors, and helps open the lungs up for better respirations. It's been too long since I've went to school to tell you exactly what goes on.

Question: How can I increase Nor epinephrine production in my scalp? I read that more Nor epinephrine produces more fatty acids and that's just what I need on my scalp. Is there a product to do this?

Answer: No. For whatever reason you feel you need fatty acids on your scalp, get some fish oil capsules and apply the oil to your scalp. Norepinephrine is a hormone and a neurotransmitter and is the precursor of the hormone epinephrine, commonly known as adrenalin. It is released from the medulla of the adrenal glands as a hormone into the blood, but it is also a neurotransmitter in the nervous system where it is released from noradrenergic neurons during synaptic transmission. As a stress hormone, it affects parts of the human brain where attention and responding actions are controlled. Along with epinephrine, this compound affects the fight-or-flight response, activating the sympathetic nervous system to directly increase heart rate, release energy from glucose and glycogen, and increase muscle readiness.

Question: What are some possible side effects from the recreational injection of Epinephrine? Let's say I came into possession of a bunch of ampoules full of Epinephrine, and not knowing what else to do with them, I began injecting them recreationally. Sometimes on their own, but sometimes combined with other substances to see what happens. Is there any possible ill effect from injecting several ampoules worth of Epinephrine after ingesting a cocktail of nutmeg and Vicodin with the aceto removed through a water distillation process?

Answer: First of all, since you have so much criticism from people who think they are smarter than you by calling you dumb. Water distillation is when you distill water. That really has nothing to do with removing acetominophen from pill binding. You could very well die if you use to much. But guess what? You can die from to much of anything! Better stop pooping, eating, and drinking alchohol! Now, my question is are you dumb for asking the question or are the people who call you dumb stupid because they think that only a doctor of 8 or more years can understand epinephrine? I'm sorry to say, but you can only know so much about a single drug. I'm sure you are capable of knowing your body and the drug perfectly fine. Some of the adverse side effect could come from the combination of the drugs. From the medical articles that I just read through, there is no interaction between epinephrine and hydrocodone (Vicodin). Nutmeg has not been studied very extensively, but I don't see interactions with that either. You are making yourself a guinea pig make sure to post if you suddenly have negative side effects. Don't be daring. Work up from a small dosage. Know your body, know your mind, know your substance.

Question: What's the difference between Epinephrine and Norepinephrine? My textbook vaguely says that epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenalin) are hormones by the adrenal medulla that has similar effects (i.e. increase heart rate....) But I'm wondering if anyone know the difference between the two. They can't be exactly the same... Appreciate your response.

Answer: Well actually their functions are the same except ephinephrine is stronger or is more prominent compared to norephinephrine. But for sure and for more info...check the links :)

Question: How much Epinephrine should a doctor give you? Should a doctor give you more epinephrine if you already given yourself a dose and you got some in the ambulance ride over. Evan if you are experiencing mild swelling

Answer: Epinephrine for what? An allergic reaction? We give as much as is required to break the allergic reaction and restore your BP, airways, etc. There is no fixed amount. Whatever you require, combined with steroids, would be the amount that should be given to you.

Question: What would happen if you were to mix Epinephrine and vicodin? What would be the effect of snorting a substance made of the following: Epinephrine and Vicodin. Cracking the Vicodin into powder and adding some 1:100,000 Epinephrin to it, letting it dry making it a powder still.

Answer: why r u asking these question I don't think this is homework .Please get help if u r doing drug .

Question: Why would you use atropine over epinephrine if you want to increase heart rate in a patient? I'm in a physiology class, and my professor posed this question for us to answer. I know that atropine and epinephrine will increase the heart rate through different ways. Instead of using epinephrine to activate sympathetic response, why would we use atropine on a patient?

Answer: Epinephrine is an adrenergic agonist. While atropine is a muscarinic antagonist. If you remember, the heart has its pacemaker at the Sino Atrial node. Which sets the beat at ~100 per second. The parasympathetic system is the one that supplies acetylcholine to decrease HR to ~72 at rest. Thus decreasing parasympathetic stimulation with atropine is safer.

Question: When would the heart be exposed to acetylcholine and epinephrine in vivo? When would the heart be exposed to acetylcholine and epinephrine in vivo?

Answer: The adrenal gland produces epinephrine and the vagus nerve produces acetylcholine.

Question: What happens if i drink epinephrine in my mouth? I was wondering if I drink epinephrine in my mouth that it would have the same effect as it would if i would inject it in myself?

Answer: If you need an epipen, then you need to inject it as directed. Drinking it will mess up how it works since it will have be delayed getting into your bloodstream. If you don't want to use injections as your first choice you could ask your Dr. for an inhaler, but you should always have your epipen backup.

Question: How long will Epinephrine affect Blood test for Bilirubin? I read that Epinephrine can affect results of bilirubin test -- how long does it take the body to rid itself of epinephrine - so test will not be affected?

Answer: Well, I have never heard of epinephrine interfering with an assay for bilrubin. Its also highly unlikely, epinephrine has a very short 'half life' which means it is broken down and eliminated very quickly after production. For most people, the amount of epinephrine circulating at any given moment is extremely small. If you are wondering whether being anxious about the test, and that the adrenaline you make may affect the test - no, it doesn't. I work some of the time in a critical care unit, where we frequently have to run in an infusion of epinephrine and similar drugs, to support heart rate and blood pressure. I have never come across a problem. Hope this helps.

Question: How does a small amount of this epinephrine cause such a rapid and large increase? Epinephrine rapidly causes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in skeletal muscle in order to produce increased substrate for ATP production. How does a small amount of this hormone cause such a rapid and large increase? i really have no idea to this question. I can only think that increasing substrate for atp production would allow more atp to be used....idk. its a wild guess.

Answer: Epinephrine injection is used to treat life-threatening allergic reactions caused by insect bites, foods, medications, latex, and other causes. Symptoms of allergic reaction include wheezing, shortness of breath, low blood pressure, hives, itching, swelling, stomach cramps, diarrhea, and loss of bladder control. Epinephrine is in a class of medications called sympathomimetic agents. It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways and tightening the blood vessels. As a hormone, epinephrine acts on nearly all body tissues. Its actions vary by tissue type and tissue expression of adrenergic receptors. For example, epinephrine causes smooth muscle relaxation in the airways, but causes contraction of the smooth muscle that lines most arterioles. The adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of the catecholamines, especially noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and adrenaline (epinephrine). Although dopamine is a catecholamine, its receptors are in a different category. Many cells possess these receptors, and the binding of an agonist will generally cause a sympathetic response (e.g. the fight-or-flight response). For instance, the heart rate will increase and the pupils will dilate, energy will be mobilized, and blood flow diverted from other non-essential organs to skeletal muscle.

Question: Is there a difference between epinephrine and albuterol? Is albuterol and epinephrine the same thing? I know people abuse epinephrine to lose weight or get a speed like effect, but is it the same as albuterol, if not why do people abuse albuterol then?

Answer: No they are not the same thing. Epinephrine is your "fight or flight" hormone. You are thinking of ephedrine (in weight loss products) Albuterol is used for people with asthma or other breathing problems. Epinephrine can help relax your airways and make it easier to breath similarly to albuterol....but they are not the same thing.

Question: Explain why an injection of epinephrine to combat an acute immune reaction? Explain why an injection of epinephrine to combat an acute immune reaction (such as an allergic response to a bee sting) has an almost immediate effect, whereas an injection of steroid hormone can take hours to have an effect.

Answer: Epinephrine is a physiological antihistamine. It does not work by binding to histamine receptors. It binds to adrenergic receptors that stimulate G proteins. It shuts down the reaction by stimulating Beta-2 receptors in the bronchial tree and causing smooth muscle relaxation. Furthermore, it inhibits production of leukotrienes by increasing the intracellular production of cyclic AMP. It also inhibits degranulation of mast cells. Steroids inhibit production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins by inhibiting the production of arachidonic acid, a precursor needed for both the lipoxygenase and cycloxygenase pathways. This takes a little longer to stop production of the precursor because steroids work by activating transcription factors and inhibiting (or stimulating) mRNA transcription whereas epinephrine works at the level of cell surface receptors and actuates a second messenger. This mechanism has a level of amplification that causes it to have a rapid effect.

Question: Will I be allowed to have an epinephrine pen in my carry-on luggage on an airplane flight? i have extremely bad allergies. I have to travel with an emergency epinephrine pen most places I go. I plan on traveling by plane a few times next year. I have not flown since before 9/11. I know there are "lots" of things you are not allowed to bring with you now. Am I allowed to have this with me-- if not, what can I do? Do airlplanes first aid kits have this?

Answer: You should check on this and ask if you could give your pen to the flight attendant if not. You should get a doctor's statement regarding the need for the pen to carry with you at all times. Call the airport ahead of time to get get a clearance and have it put in writing and signed if they will give you one.

Question: How is it possible that the same fist messenger such as epinephrine can evoke different responses...? How is it possible that the same fist messenger such as epinephrine can evoke different responses in different target cells? That the same second messenger, such as cAMP, can also evoke different responses in different target cells? That the same response, such as glycogen breakdown, can be initiated by different stimuli?

Answer: epinephrine gives me headaches !

Question: Are animals killed to retrieve adrenaline/epinephrine for human use? I am trying to find out what animal products/by-products are obtained by killing the animal, and what animal products/by-products are obtained without killing them. (i.e. The hormone, adrenaline/epinephrine, is from the adrenal glands of hogs, cattle and sheep) How is it obtained? I would like to find out the same thing for other products, too. Thank you!

Answer: The only byproducts I can think of that don't require the death of the animal are milk, eggs, and wool. However, they are by no means cruelty free because milk requires the cow be pregnant, and her baby is taken away; egg-laying hens are treated abysmally; and sheep shearers are paid by the sheep, so they have no incentive to be gentle. There are other cruelties associated with these items, which I won't go into now. And when an animal's production declines, she is killed. Dairy cows typically become hamburger. Egg-laying hens, whose bodies are battered after a couple years in the battery cage, are used for low-quality nuggets and potpies. I would wager that hormone products require the death of the animal and are dangerous to boot.