Analgesia

Question: What is difference between anesthesia and analgesia? Some drugs are Anesthetics and some drugs are Analgesics, but what are the differences?

Answer: Anesthetic means loss of feeling. Analgesic means loss of pain. Local or topical anesthetics are numbing medications. There are many other types of anesthetics, the most well known being general anesthesia. GA uses a bunch of different drugs to render you insensible to surgical stimulation. Analgesics (pain medications) are used as a part of general anesthesia. Analgesics decrease pain. Some (like aspirin and ibuprofen) work by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Others (opiates) work by activating receptors.

Question: What is the root cause of congenital insensitivity to pain, aka congenital analgesia? I used Wiki- I'm not that lazy- but I was hoping someone could describe the structures that are affected by the mutations that can cause it, or maybe the types of endorphins that can also cause it and why they cause it. I also don't know which of these two is more common. I'd also be interested in knowing why such a mutation would be selectively damaging to neurons associated with pain.

Answer: CITP is also called HSAN IV (hereditary sensory & autonomic neuropathy type IV). The genetic basis is a mutation the tyrosine kinase receptor A or the nerve growth factor receptor. It has recessive inheritance. The exact neuropathological mechanism is still being worked out afaik but identifying the genes should help that.

Question: I have gone to my doctor about back pain he gave me a prescription for something called analgesia #3? I got no drug infrormation or interaction paperwork with it. I do not know what it is. Can you tell me what this is and what it is made of and how it is supposed to be used. I think it may be a placebo but I just dont know how to find out.

Answer: That medicine will only give you "MAKE BELIEVE HEALTH." Drugs like that anti-inflammatory drug will stop the healing process and extend the time it takes for your body to heal. You will feel less pain, but it's important to realize what caused your back to hurt. Find the root cause and then deal with the problem. Your doctor is lazy and just wants to help you feel better in the moment by treating a symptom and let the root cause continue. You most likely should see a chiropractor about your back pain and let him give you an opinion first, and then if he thinks you need an M.D., then go to the M.D. Chiropractors look for the root causes of these kinds of pains. good luck to you

Question: What are the common dental analgesia methods in the USA (except injection)?

Answer: I believe you mean anesthetic and not analgesic. Besides a local anesthetic, you can have a general anesthetic, or IV sedation.

Question: Best doctors in Delhi and Chandigarh for Epidural analgesia during labor & delivery? Hi I wanna have Epidural Analgesia during labor & delivery...........I know Epidural should be given by a VERY EXPERIENCED & PROFESSIONAL Doctor.............so Please Please Please suggest me some really GOOD DOCTOR..........also tell me how's APOLLO (DELHI) & FORTIS(Chandigarh & DELHI) are??? Which one is better???????

Answer: Try 'BEAMS' hospital in nearest place. Amrutsar. Bye and Good Luck.

Question: Any different cures for back pain apart from the obvious analgesia ones , mine is killing me!?

Answer: I have done the painkillers the tens machine and all that, at the end of the day I find laying in bed with an electric blanket on medium, a little help due to the heat, I also have a V shaped pillow that I use to raise my shoulders slightly in bed which I place my neck at top and let my arm and shoulder be supported by the sides, It takes a bit of pressure off the middle and lower back

Question: can any one bring abook under the title of updates in obestetric analgesia to me ?

Answer: Regional Analgesia in Obstetrics: A Millennium Update Editor Felicity Reynolds Springer, 2000 ISBN 1852332808 You could try sites like www.pubmed.gov. & www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Question: Do glucocortiocids produce analgesia? Do they reduce pain? If so what ones are clinically used?

Answer: Betamethasone and dexamethasone are examples of glucocorticoids. They are given both as tablets , and injections. They are used for some inflammatory conditions that cause pain and when they cure the condition the pain is relieved. Glucocorticoids act as antiinflammatory agents. But we do not consider them as analgesics. On the other hand paracetamol (panadol) commonly used to treat aches and pains, headache, toothache etc. do not treat the cause of the disease but relieve the pain until other drugs treat the cause of the disease. Such drugs are called analgesics.

Question: What is supraspinal analgesia?

Answer: the subarachnoid space is continuous, meaning that it encloses the brain as well as the spinal cord within one continuous compartment. some medications injected in the spinal fluid can have effects in the brain- for instance, intrathecal morphine is known to have an effect on the brain as it redistributes up the spinal fluid column and blocks opiate receptors in the brain itself. that's what's meant by supraspinal analgesia.

Question: As a student, how do i administer analgesia through IV line, and change IV bag?

Answer: If you are a student; you should have been taught this!

Question: were can i find information about Postoperative Analgesia with ropivacaine?

Answer: ropivicaine is a local anesthetic. it's similar to bupivicaine but it doesn't cause as much cardiotoxicity.

Question: What is Hypnotic Analgesia? I'm working on a Psychology review and I'm just wondering what Hypnotic Analgesia is.

Answer: Pain management via hyponotic techniques. ~Dr. B.~

Question: nurses LVN/RN: In your experience, what was the worst complication pt on epidural analgesia had? (S:S& respons Please describe pt's reaction and what you did as a nurse to first question. Another question: 2. As a new graduate, what advise would you give me regarding what I should make sure to assess when taking care of a pt with an epidural catheter?

Answer: The worst complications involve epidural hematoma or abscess, which can cause permanent neurologic injury or death. Another severe problem occurs if the medication meant to go epidurally goes intrathecally, and a total spinal results. That's deadly if not treated immediately. Both these are extremely rare. Most epidural abscesses and hematomata occur in patients without epidural catheters. In the thousands of epidurals I've placed and managed, I've never seen any of those complications. There are less severe but far more common risks. Hypotension is very common, and is caused by numbing of the sympathetic nerves, causing vasodilation and a subsequent drop in BP. That is an expected effect, but if it happens too profoundly, it can cause problems. You also have to know what is infusing through the catheter and what to expect from that. Most infusions are a combination of local anesthetic and opiate. Opiates have a host of side effects (itching, nausea, urinary retention, respiratory depression, sedation) that you need to look out for. As a nurse, you need to follow the written orders related to the epidural, and if problems persist, call the physician who is managing the epidural infusion, and s/he will handle it. Orders include management of respiratory depression by injection of naloxone. Post-op epidural analgesia should not produce too much motor block. If a patient is weak, or if weakness from the epidural gets worse, the physician managing the epidural needs to be notified. (It could indicate a hematoma or abscess, see above). Unexplained fevers, or signs of infection at the catheter site also warrant a call to the physician. Labor and delivery epidurals have additional things to look out for. We expect some decrease in beat-to-beat variability on the fetal heart rate strip, but if it gets severe, or if there are decels, you need to follow L&D protocols for dealing with that. It's too much to type here.

Question: what is anesthesia, sedation, and analgesia? what are the differences between the three?

Answer: Anesthesia can be local ( a shot like lidocaine), or general (you are put to sleep). Sedation is meant to relax and make you not be aware of what is going on or remember what happened. It can be done with pills, or IV, or a combination. Analgesia is pain relief and is commonly referred to using nitrous oxide.

Question: I want to hear from people who had pethedine or gas in labour? I am hoping to avoid an epidural. What were people's experiences like with other forms of analgesia?

Answer: My son is 2 and 1/2 now and I had just gas with him. I didnt go in determined to go natural, but i did want to avoid getting an epidural. I had a great experiance and yes ofcourse there is pain, but you know its not going to last forever. I found these things helped me; Only sucking on the gas when a contraction started and through the contraction. I hear women saying they were so out of it on gas and didnt know what they were saying. I never got to this point and think its because i didnt suck on it all the time. This was down to great midwives, they said if i didnt use the gas properly they would take it off me, lol! If you use it all the time its not effective during the contraction. When I was ready to push, this is the only time I thought"I cant do this!". I then realised I had no choice and just said to myself, just concentrate, and get the baby out! As soon as \i put my mind into it and focused I was able to put the pain to one side, knowing it would be over when the baby was born. thinking like this made it alot easier for me. I have heard alot of friend say pethedine just made them feel sick, and wasnt much more effective than gas, I havent heard anyone with a good experience on it (although im sure there are some!) I am now 38+3 weeks and looking forward to labour, and only plan to use gas again. I would never have an epidural as my friend ended up in a wheelchair for 6 weeks, after it( this is very very rare!) Remember you get no prizes at the end for suffering, and the end result is the same, so relax and focus and if you do need more than gas, dont beat yourself up over it. Good luck xxx

Question: What statement is correct regarding a pt who has a post-colon resection who is noting signs of lethargy? pls help... (the client also has a history of addison's disease) 1. review his pt controlled analgesia (PCA) record for dose history 2. assess for decreased urine output and bp 3. check pupils for direct consensual reaction 4. obtain pulse oximeter to check oxygen saturation level tnx... if it is okay, kindy put the rationale behind..and also the source tnx a lot!

Answer: Basics first Check postural BP - possible blood loss related to surgery Hb & Iron studies same Nutrition Eating? Needs Supplements? Constipated? Wounds S&S of infection? Temp? Emotional Depressed? Don't forget to look at your patient holistically. Something I got taught as a student, it applies to everything, and gives you a prioritised order for checking anything A Airway P (pig) Pain H (headed) Hydration N (nurse) Nutrition W (wont) Wounds A (always) Ailimentary S (suceed) Social F (fair) Family G (go) God Tutors are always looking for holistic care when marking assignments. Address each category and you will cover the lot. It's not all about the medical stuff.

Question: can anyone tell me whats in a med. called analgesia #3? It was given to me for back pain but it came with no description of its ingredients or interaction. I just want to know what its made up of..thanks

Answer: there is no med called analgesia. o/p has posted a definition of the word analgesia. perhaps it's a generic of tylenol #3. which contains Acetaminophen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 mg No. 3 Codeine Phosphate . . . . . . . . . . . 30 mg

Question: Anesthesia vs. Analgesia? What is the difference between anesthesia and analgesia? I was reading about propofol, and it said that it is an anesthetic, but "it provides no analgesia". So what's the difference?

Answer: Anesthesia literally means "lack of feeling", and analgesia "lack of pain". Analgesia is one aspect of general anesthesia. Propofol will cause unconsciousness and blunt a patient's response to painful stimuli. If that's all they get for the procedure, and things were cut and sewn, that patient is going to be mighty unhappy upon awakening. (Not the case for things like colonoscopy, where there isn't pain afterward). Sometimes we have surgeons inject local anesthetics to numb the surgical site before the patient wakes up, and can avoid giving analgesics. (There are sometimes good reasons NOT to get opiates). Otherwise, we'll give propofol with other drugs to cover the other aspects of general anesthesia, like analgesia, amnesia and muscle relaxation.

Question: What does Propofol really do in pur body? Does propofol provide a state of analgesia or merely sadation? When the GABA-A receptor is being potentiated and the neurotransmitters are being inhibited, What will happen? Will the patient's skeletal muscles relax also? What is the PRIMARY USE of Propofol? What does it mean when you say a GENERAL ANAESTEHTIC AGENT? IS Propofol only for sedation and nothing else?

Answer: Propofol is a sedative/hypnotic, and can be used for sedation or general anesthesia. It has NO analgesic properties, so for surgery, it is administered along with analgesic drugs. That's not necessary if it's being used for sedation along with a spinal, or for a procedure that isn't going to cause any pain afterward, like a colonoscopy. It provides NO skeletal muscle relaxation, which is great if we want our patient to breathe spontaneously during the procedure. Primary use: general anesthesia induction agent - the "going off to sleep" drug. It provides rapid, deep anesthesia which is very short acting, about 5 minutes. That's time enough for us to get the breathing tube in (if that's our choice of airway management), and get some gas on. It's short acting enough that if we run into problems, waking up is an option. It's also great for deep sedation/intravenous general anesthesia (you can't always tell by looking when your sedation has turned into general). Because it goes away so quickly, it's ideal for surgery tht requires the patient to wake up and cooperate during or immediately after the procedure. I don't like it for conscious sedation, because patients get squirmy and confused, and are more likely to try to get up and leave or cause trouble in other ways. Propofol has antiemetic properties, and small doses can be used to treat post-operative nausea and vomiting.

Question: Patient controlled analgesia? . there are some safety measure which include a lock out period of time which is ordered by the perscribing doctor. ie a lock out period of 5 mins means after a dose is delivered, no more will be delivered during the following 5mins regardless of how many times the button is pushed. WHY WOULD THIS BE REQUIRED???

Answer: John of course nailed it. But if the issue is inadequate pain relief with the current settings, the patient should discuss it with the nurse (who should be on top of it) who can better assess the situation at the moment and of course the physician. I mention the nurse first because we can gather some preliminary information and notify the physician if necessary. Also, the physician may have left orders that enable the RN to increase the dose if that is actually indicated. Inadequate pain relief could indicate that something else is going on beyond the expected post-op pain, and which shoule be investigated rather than blunted with more analgesic.